La carga general de la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica
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esteatohepatitis no alcohólica, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, fibrosis, carcinoma hepatocellularResumen
La enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (NAFLD, por sus siglas en inglés) está creciendo a nivel mundial en paralelo a las epidemias de obesidad y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Actualmente, el 25 % de la población adulta se ve afectada a nivel mundial, pero en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), la prevalencia general es del 55,5 %. A pesar de la muy alta prevalencia de NAFLD, es el subtipo de esteatohepatitis no alcohólica lo que conduce principalmente al desarrollo de fibrosis, cirrosis, carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC), trasplante de hígado y el fallecimiento. Hoy, la prevalencia de esteatohepatitis no alcohólica subyacente (NASH) en la población general varía de 1,5 a 6,5 %, pero puede ser tan alta como 37,3 % en los pacientes con DM2. Como tal, la NASH se encuentra ahora entre las principales indicaciones para el trasplante de hígado y está cada vez más relacionado con el CHC en los Estados Unidos. Hasta la fecha, no hay agentes farmacéuticos aprobados para tratar la NASH y el tratamiento se basa en modificaciones del estilo de vida. En esta revisión, discutimos la NASH, sus resultados fisiopatológicos reportados por los pacientes y el costo económico, así como los posibles objetivos terapéuticos.
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